The uniqueness of gemstones lies in their brilliant long-lasting beauty that is quite rare in nature. Their price depends on it. The unit of weight of gemstones is the carat, which is equal to one-fifth of a gram. Gemstones are widely used to make jewelry, they are collected or used as bank assets. They are also widely used in engineering.

Specialists divide gems of inorganic and organic origin. Inorganic stones are naturally occurring, strong minerals with a constant chemical structure. The majority of all gemstones are inorganic. Organic stones include amber, a fossilized resin; coral, created by tiny sea creatures; pearls, which consist of nacre, a rainbow-colored substance that forms the inner layer of the shells of many marine mollusks.

To bring out the stone’s best color features, it undergoes several stages of processing. A stone has to be given a specific shape as well as polished. Nature has given mankind the very idea of stone processing, which b...