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Selected passages from Honen Shonin
with commentary
Honen Shonin said in
An Outline of Nembutsu:
"It is even more unfortunate that there are many who
insult and deride the exclusive practitioners of Nembutsu today.
These unfortunate circumstances were foretold by
incarnate
Buddhas and Bodhisattvas a long
time ago. Accordingly, Bodhisattva Manjusri stated, 'Nonvirtuous
beings in the future world will recite the Name of Amida Buddha in
the West, become detached from the delusive worlds of saṃsara by
relying on the Primal Vow, and be
born in
the Pure Land through the depth of their sincere
heart.'
In the Hymns of the Nien-fo
Liturgy, Master Shan-tao thus
stated:
'At the very moment when the
World-Honored One [Buddha Shakyamuni] was coming to the end of His
sermon, He entrusted to Sariputra with great care the Name of Amida
Buddha[1].
Over time, after the death of Buddha
Shakyamuni, the five defilements proliferated, and many people
began to slander the teaching of Nembutsu. Monastics and lay people
alike began to dislike the teaching of Nembutsu and ceased
listening to it. This gave rise to the poison of anger, and when
they saw Nembutsu practitioners, they struggled to incite intrigue
and create grudges. Such people seem blind by nature and have no
intrinsic goodness. Destroying the teaching designed for the
instantaneous realization of Enlightenment, they will sink into the
three lower realms for a long time. They will never be released
from the three lower realms,
even though
innumerable eons pass, more numerous than the number of particles
released in the explosion of the earth.
The Sutra of Universal
Enlightenment states: 'If a good man and woman listen
to the teaching of Nembutsu, are overwhelmed both with sorrow at
their state of ignorance and with unspeakable elation at the
promise of birth in the Pure Land, and attempt to escape from the
three lower realms, then it is clear that they have already
cultivated the path leading to Enlightenment in a previous
life[2].
Conversely, if a person does not rejoice even after listening to
the teaching, it is a sign that he has just emerged for the first
time from the three lower realms.'
Those who criticize and slander the teaching of Nembutsu
are merely obsessed with illogical
reasons,
which are not worthy of
debate."[3]
Commentary:
“'Nonvirtuous beings in
the future world” refer to us, ordinary people of blind
passions living in the Last Dharma Age. We become assured of
liberation from samsara
(“become detached from the
delusive worlds of saṃsara”)by saying the Nembutsu of
faith in accordance with the Primal Vow of Amida Buddha.
There is a reason why this precious teaching was slandered in the
past and is still slandered today. By being slandered today I refer
to those belonging to other
Paths
[4]who
look down on us for having a teaching too simple to be true, but
also to false teachers who wear the robes and kesas of Nembutsu
faith in various branches of Jodo Shinshu and who deny the
existence of Amida Buddha by calling Him a myth, symbol and
metaphor or who do not admit that the Pure Land is a real
enlightened place to be attained after death. They too consider our
devotional approach and simple faith to be ridiculous and dismiss
it as folk religion.
Why there are so many wrong views about a Path like ours? Because
it is the quickest way through which all beings (not only the
spiritual elites) can attain Liberation. The Primal Vow is
"the teaching designed for the instantaneous
realization of Enlightenment" after death and rebirth in
the Pure Land, so it’s too easy to be left without complications.
Various Maras and evil spirits who don’t want people to escape
their grasp, are even more decided to possess and influence those
who can infiltrate and stop the spreading of the Primal Vow than
those who teach self-power methods which are hard to follow anyway
in this Last Dharma Age. However, the Path of faith in the real,
living Amida Buddha will endure because it is the teaching in
perfect correspondence with the times and the capacities of beings,
thus making it the Way that all Buddhas support and protect.
Unfortunately, the karma of those who slander the Nembutsu
teaching, by denying the very existence of Amida Buddha and His
Pure Land is so evil that they will be reborn in the Avici hell
where they stay for a time impossible to calculate with our limited
minds. People like them “seem blind by nature and have no
intrinsic goodness” which means that they do not have “good
from the past”, as Rennyo Shonin explained. The good from the
past represents our good karma from past lives and this life (prior
to the awakening of faith) which manifests itself as an opening or
receptive state of mind towards the message of the Primal Vow of
Amida Buddha.
In deep harmony with His Master Honen, Shinran Shonin gave us
an advice on how to treat those who slander the Nembutsu teaching
both from the outside or inside of our school:
“Suppose that all other schools joined together in
declaring, ‘The Nembutsu is for the sake of worthless people; that
teaching is shallow and vulgar.’ Even then, without the slightest
argument, one should reply ‘When foolish beings of inferior
capacity like ourselves, persons ignorant of even a single letter,
entrust themselves to the Vow, they are saved. Since we accept and
entrust ourselves to this teaching, for us it is the supreme
Dharma, though for those of superior capacity it might seem utterly
base. Even though other teachings may be excellent, since they are
beyond our capacity they are difficult for us to put into practice.
The fundamental intent of the Buddhas is nothing but freedom from
birth-and-death for all, ourselves and others included, so you
should not obstruct our practice of the Nembutsu.’ If one responds
without rancor thus, what person will do one harm? Moreover, there
is an authoritative passage that states, ‘Where disputation takes
place, blind passions arise. The wise keep their
distance.’
Shakyamuni taught that there
would be both people who entrust themselves to this teaching and
people who abuse it. By the fact that I have entrusted myself fully
to it and there are others who abuse it, I realize that the
Buddha’s words are indeed true. Hence, I realize all the more
clearly that my birth [in the Pure Land] is indeed firmly settled.
If there were none who abused the teaching, then surely we would
wonder why there are those who entrust but none who abuse it. This
is not to say the Nembutsu necessarily must be slandered; I merely
speak of the fact that the Buddha, knowing beforehand that there
would be both those who trust and those who slander, taught this so
people would have no
doubts.”[5]
The words
“where disputation takes place, blind passions arise.
The wise keep their distance” are similar with Honen’s,
“those who criticize and slander the teaching of
Nembutsu are merely obsessed with illogical reasons, which are not
worthy of debate."
Our Path is not based on the flawed logic of the unenlightened
minds but on the direct revelations and instructions of Shakyamuni
about Amida Buddha in the
Larger Sutra. It is a teaching
that must be accepted in faith as He clearly instructed:
“If there are sentient beings who have heard it, they will
attain the stage of non-retrogression for realizing the highest
Enlightenment. This is why you should single-heartedly accept in
faith, uphold, and chant this sutra, and practice in accordance
with its teachings.”
Insisting further on the importance of not having any doubt
about the contents of this sutra, Shakyamuni said:
“‘I have expounded this teaching for the sake of sentient
beings and enabled you to see Amitayus (Amida) and all in His land.
Strive to do what you should. After I have passed into Nirvana, do
not allow doubt to
arise.”[6]
When having such a clear instruction from the World Honored
One and the testimony of Ananda who literally saw Amida and His
Pure Land, what is there to be debated?
[1]
I think that Master Shan-tao refers here to the Smaller
Amida Sutra (Amidakyo) where Shakyamuni speaks to Shariputra
alone.
[2]
They have "good from the past" as Rennyo Shonin
said.
[3]
The Promise of Amida Buddha - Honen's Path to Bliss;
English translation of the Genko edition of the works of Honen
Shonin - Collected Teachings of Kurodani Shonin: The Japanese
Anthology (Wago Toroku), translated by Joji Atone and Yoko
Hayashi, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 2011, p.150-151
[4]
Not all followers of other schools are like this, of course.
Here I refer only to a category of infatuated and self-deluded
people.
[5]
Tannisho,The Collected Works of Shinran, Shin Buddhism
Translation Series, Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha, Kyoto, 1997,
p.669
[6]The
Three Pure Land Sutras - A Study and Translation from Chinese by
Hisao Inagaki in collaboration with Harold Stewart, Bukkyo Dendo
Kyokai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research,
Kyoto, 2003, p.70